Highlights•Non-antibody scaffold drugs are a promising new class of biologics drugs.•The
first candidate scaffolds are now moving into clinical development and practice.•Challenges …

Not all adaptive immune systems use the immunoglobulin fold as the basis for specific
recognition molecules: sea lampreys, for example, have evolved an adaptive immune …

In recent years new nucleic acid and protein‐based combinatorial molecules have attracted
the attention of researchers working in various areas of science, ranging from medicine to …

Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However,
their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some …

The cystine knot structural motif is present in peptides and proteins from a variety of species,
including fungi, plants, marine molluscs, insects and spiders. It comprises an embedded ring …

Three trypsin inhibitors (TIs), from the seeds of the squash Momordica cochinchinensis
(MCo), have been isolated and purified using gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography …

The use of so‐called protein scaffolds has recently attracted considerable attention in
biochemistry in the context of generating novel types of ligand receptors for various …

BACKGROUND Protein therapeutics constitute a multibillion-dollar market, yet their
formulation and sustained delivery still pose a substantial challenge. Controlled release …

Display of heterologous proteins on the surface of microorganisms, enabled by means of
recombinant DNA technology, has become an increasingly used strategy in various …

Protein libraries displayed on cell surfaces can be labeled with soluble ligands exhibiting
well-characterized binding equilibria and dissociation kinetics, and then quantitatively …