Neuroplastic changes in the neuronal networks involving the trigeminal ganglion (TG),
trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) are …

Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin expressed by various cells in the nervous and immune
systems. SP is predominantly released by neurons and exerts its biological and …

Endometriosis is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with unknown etiology.
Dysregulation of macrophages and innervation are important factors influencing the …

For decades, neurological, psychological, and cognitive alterations, as well as other
glandular manifestations (EGM), have been described and are being considered to be part …

Chronic pain is one of the most debilitating human diseases and represents a social and
economic burden for our society. Great efforts are being made to understand the molecular …

Dry eye disease (DED) which affects millions of people worldwide is an ocular surface
disease that is strongly associated with pain, discomfort, and visual disturbances. Altered …

Purpose: Aging impairs corneal nerve density and sensitivity. Substance P (SP), a
neuropeptide secreted by sensory nerves, regulates nerve morphology and nociception …

Myopia is a global public health concern, with a higher prevalence in women than that in
male. As the relationship between sex hormone and myopia remains unclear, we aimed to …

Pain symptoms in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) predominantly affect reproductive
women, suggesting that estrogen regulates pain perception. However, how estrogen …

Endocrine disruptors are a group of compounds that occur in increasing amounts in the
environment. These compounds change the hormone homeostasis of the target organs …