The rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens
are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antivirulence agents provide an …

The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Botulism is a rare, neurotoxin-mediated, life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid
descending paralysis that begins with cranial nerve palsies and might progress to extremity …

Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a
new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with …

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven
serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are the most potent toxins
known and cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. BoNTs are also widely utilized as …

Clostridium botulinum, a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by
their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of
potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an …

Mammalian hosts interface intimately with commensal and pathogenic bacteria. It is
increasingly clear that molecular interactions between the nervous system and microbes …

Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne
outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram‐positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are …