In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Mud volcanism, or sedimentary volcanism, represents one of the most intriguing phenomena
of the Earth's crust, with important implications in energy resource exploration, seismicity …

The origin of natural gases, in particular those containing methane (CH 4 or C 1), ethane (C
2 H 6 or C 2), propane (C 3 H 8 or C 3) and carbon dioxide (CO 2), is commonly interpreted …

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology to mitigate the environmental impact
of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. An understanding of the potential trapping and storage …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient location
interpreted to have strong potential for past habitability and for preserving physical and …

We investigate a new class of habitable planets composed of water-rich interiors with
massive oceans underlying H 2-rich atmospheres, referred to here as Hycean worlds. With …

Methyl-based methanogenesis is one of three broad categories of archaeal anaerobic
methanogenesis, including both the methyl dismutation (methylotrophic) pathway and the …

Hydrogen gas, H2, is generated by alkaline hydrothermal vents through an ancient
geochemical process called serpentinization, in which water reacts with iron-containing …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …