The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is emerging as a molecule with both beneficial
and destructive potentials. It can exert opposing actions triggering either neuron survival …

Types of Cell Culture Media Animal cells can be cultured either using a completely natural
medium or an artificial/synthetic medium along with some natural products. Natural Media …

Stem cell therapies have shown promise in promoting recovery in stroke but have been
limited by poor cell survival and differentiation. We have developed a hyaluronic acid (HA) …

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of powerful morphogens that are
critical for development of the nervous system. The effects of BMP signaling on neural stem …

Signaling by the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is necessary for proper neural
development and function throughout life. Sequential waves of activation, inhibition, and …

Background Alopecia is the common hair loss problem that can affect many people.
However, current therapies for treatment of alopecia are limited by low efficacy and …

In this current review, research spanning the last decade (such as transcriptomic studies,
phenotypic observations, and confirmed comorbidities) has been synthesized into an …

Substantial progress has been made in identifying the extracellular signalling pathways that
regulate neural stem and precursor cell biology in the central nervous system (CNS). The …

Upon chronic stress, a fraction of individuals shows stress resilience, which can prevent long-
term mental dysfunction. The underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and have not …

Ectoderm is one of the three classic germ layers in the early mouse embryo, with the
capacity to develop into both the central nervous system and epidermis. Because it is a …