The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been implicated in a variety of social,
cognitive, and affective functions that are commonly disrupted in mental illness. In this …

Anxiety disorders impose a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the need to
develop a deeper understanding of the distributed neural circuits underlying extreme fear …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating disorder, linked to profound mental,
physical, occupational, and functional impairment. In addition, it is a highly complex …

When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain
danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature of situations that elicit …

The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now
well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less …

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnosis that may follow the experience of trauma,
has multiple symptomatic phenotypes. Generally, individuals with PTSD display symptoms …

Safety learning occurs when an otherwise neutral stimulus comes to signal the absence of
threat, allowing organisms to use safety information to inhibit fear and anxiety in …

Background Recent research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is
associated with altered amygdala and hippocampal resting‐state functional connectivity …

Rationale Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide that modulates both physiological
and emotional responses to threat. Until recently, drugs that target vasopressin receptors …

Of all anxiety disorders, PTSD may be most clearly attributable to discrete, aversive learning
events capable of evoking both conditioned fear responding to stimuli associated with the …