The importance and role of the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway has been well-documented
in both breast cancer (BC) development and progression. The treatment of choice in women …

Introduction Breast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge.
This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges …

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women. Approximately 70% of
breast tumors express the estrogen receptor (ER). Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) …

Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignant tumor, and the leading cause of cancer
death in women worldwide. The most common subtype of breast cancer is hormone receptor …

Endocrine therapy forms a central modality in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive
breast cancer. The routine use of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen has improved survival rates …

Progression of early‑stage breast cancer to advanced‑stage metastatic disease represents a
major cause of death in women. Long‑term conventional and targeted therapy for breast …

The growth modulating effects of the ovarian steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and
progesterone (PRG) on endocrine-responsive target tissues are well established. In …

The majority of human breast cancer is estrogen receptor alpha (ER) positive. While anti-
estrogens/aromatase inhibitors are initially effective, resistance to these drugs commonly …

Androgen receptor (AR) is the most widely expressed steroid receptor protein in normal
breast tissue and is detectable in approximately 90% of primary breast cancers and 75% of …

Purpose Irosustat is a first-generation, orally active, irreversible steroid sulfatase inhibitor.
We performed a multicentre, open label phase II trial of the addition of Irosustat to a first-line …