Many biological functions are executed by molecular machines, which like man-made
motors are powered by chemical energy, released by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis …

It is recognized that cell metabolism is tightly connected to other cellular processes such as
regulation of gene expression. Metabolic pathways not only provide the precursor molecules …

Cells are the basic units of all living matter which harness the flow of energy to drive the
processes of life. While the biochemical networks involved in energy transduction are well …

Developmental enhancers bind transcription factors and dictate patterns of gene expression
during development. Their molecular evolution can underlie phenotypical evolution, but the …

The deposition of storage fat in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is an evolutionarily
conserved strategy to cope with fluctuations in energy availability and metabolic stress …

Developing embryos are metabolically active, open systems that constantly exchange matter
and energy with their environment. They function out of thermodynamic equilibrium and …

The rate of entropy production by a stochastic process quantifies how far it is from
thermodynamic equilibrium. Equivalently, entropy production captures the degree to which …

It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks—including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic
alterations, and loss of proteostasis—exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding …

Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is distributed in several Asian countries. The larvae
and adults often cause substantial economic losses to Solanaceae crops such as potato …

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that facilitate neutral lipid storage in cells,
including energy-dense triglycerides. They are found in all investigated metazoan embryos …