Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology …

We review the findings of approximately 60 years of in situ and remote sensing studies of
glacier crevasses, as well as the three broad classes of numerical models now employed to …

Geological data indicate that global mean sea level has fluctuated on 10 3 to 10 6 yr time
scales during the last∼ 25 million years, at times reaching 20 m or more above modern. If …

Rates of ice mass loss at the calving margins of tidewater glaciers (frontal ablation rates) are
a key uncertainty in sea level rise projections. Measurements are difficult because mass lost …

Iceberg calving accounts for half of the mass discharge from the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets, which has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Through their …

Portions of ice sheets grounded deep beneath sea level can disintegrate if tall ice cliffs at the
ice-ocean boundary start to collapse under their own weight. This process, called marine ice …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased over the last two decades in
response to changes in global climate, motivating the scientific community to question how …

After 8 years of decay of its ice shelf, Zachariæ Isstrøm, a major glacier of northeast
Greenland that holds a 0.5-meter sea-level rise equivalent, entered a phase of accelerated …

Marine‐terminating glaciers control most of Greenland's ice discharge into the ocean, but
little is known about the geometry of their frontal regions. Here we use side‐looking …

Submarine melting of Greenlandic tidewater glacier termini is proposed as a possible
mechanism driving their recent thinning and retreat. We use a general circulation model …