Craniofacial morphology is highly heritable, but little is known about which genetic variants
influence normal facial variation in the general population. We aimed to identify genetic …

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) diagnostic records can be an extremely valuable tool. These
records can accurately reproduce a patient dataset in a secondary environment, and when …

Background Although craniofacial sex differences have been extensively studied in humans,
relatively little is known about when various dimorphic features manifest during postnatal …

Objectives To establish the three-dimensional (3D) facial soft tissue morphology of adult
Malaysian subjects of the Malay ethnic group; and to determine the morphological …

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate craniofacial asymmetry by using 2-
dimensional (2D) posteroanterior cephalometric images, 3-dimensional cone-beam …

The surface facial imagings have many applications in medical fields. The recent past has
seen great advances in three dimensional imaging which include laser scanning or …

The promotion of CCTV surveillance and identity cards, along with ever heightened security
at airports, immigration control and institutional access, has seen a dramatic increase in the …

Aim The aim of this study was to quantify gender-specific facial characteristics in younger
and older adults and to determine how aging and body characteristics, such as height and …

Sexual dimorphism is responsible for a substantial part of human facial variability, the study
of which is essential for many scientific fields ranging from evolution to special biomedical …

Background The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of three
different 3D facial scanning systems, relying, respectively, on stereophotogrammetry …