Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

Phytopathogens translocate effector proteins into plant cells where they sabotage the host
cellular machinery to promote infection. An individual pathogen can translocate numerous …

The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 suppresses the two-
tiered plant innate immune system by injecting a complex repertoire of type III secretion …

Phosphorylation-mediated signaling transduction plays a crucial role in the regulation of
plant defense mechanisms against environmental stresses. To address the high complexity …

Plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other
environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. Apart from the …

The protein kinase (PK) superfamily is one of the largest superfamilies in plants and the core
regulator of cellular signaling. Despite this substantial importance, the kinomes of sugarcane …

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and its derivatives cause disease in tomato,
Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. The primary virulence factors include a repertoire …

Plants utilize cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-
or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMP/DAMPs) and initiate pattern-triggered …

Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling
networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are …

Protein kinases (PKs) have evolved as the largest family of molecular switches that regulate
protein activities associated with almost all essential cellular functions. Only a fraction of …