Over the past decade, a brand‐new pressure‐and tactile‐sensing modality, known as
iontronic sensing has emerged, utilizing the supercapacitive nature of the electrical double …

Undoped, conjugated, organic molecules and polymers possess properties of
semiconductors, including the electronic structure and charge transport, which can be …

The nervous system poses a grand challenge for integration with modern electronics and
the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics, and therapy which would …

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis,
and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its …

The electronics surrounding us in our daily lives rely almost exclusively on electrons as the
dominant charge carrier. In stark contrast, biological systems rarely use electrons but rather …

As many devices for human utility aim for fast and convenient communication with users,
superb electronic devices are demonstrated to serve as hardware for human–machine …

Integration of bipolar membranes (BPMs) into electrochemical cells is an established
method for acid and base generation, as well as desalinization methods. More recently …

The coupling between charge accumulation in a conjugated polymer and the ionic charge
compensation, provided from an electrolyte, defines the mode of operation in a vast array of …

Many drugs provide their therapeutic action only at specific sites in the body, but are
administered in ways that cause the drug's spread throughout the organism. This can lead to …

In contrast to electronic systems, biology rarely uses electrons as the signal to regulate
functions, but rather ions and molecules of varying size. Due to the unique combination of …