This is a summary of the 2013 release of the plasma simulation code Cloudy. Cloudy
models the ionization, chemical, and thermal state of material that may be exposed to an …

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST, Gardner et al. 2006) is a 6.5 m space telescope
launched in 2021 December and is developed by the National Aeronautics and Space …

Context. JWST has taken the sharpest and most sensitive infrared (IR) spectral imaging
observations ever of the Orion Bar photodis-sociation region (PDR), which is part of the …

We use our new optical-imaging and spectrophotometric survey of key diagnostic emission
lines in 30 Doradus, together with CLOUDY photoionization models, to study the physical …

Cosmic-ray and X-ray heating are derived from the electron energy-loss calculations of
Dalgarno, Yan, and Liu for hydrogen–helium gas mixtures. These authors treated the …

Context. Nearby photo-dissociation regions (PDRs), where the gas and dust are heated by
the far-ultraviolet (FUV) irradiation emitted from stars, are ideal templates with which to study …

We present a simple analytic procedure for generating atomic (H i) to molecular (${{\rm {H}}}
_ {2} $) density profiles for optically thick hydrogen gas clouds illuminated by far-ultraviolet …

Context. The low-metallicity interstellar medium (ISM) is profoundly different from that of
normal systems, being clumpy with low dust abundance and little CO-traced molecular gas …

The Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) is a revolutionary instrument that
exploits broad spectral coverage at high-resolution in the near-infrared. IGRINS employs a …

We present a comparative study of the near-infrared (NIR) H 2 line emission from five
regions near hot young stars: Sharpless 140, NGC 2023, IC 63, the Horsehead Nebula, and …