Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder
that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the facet joint of the
spine are biomechanically interdependent, typically occur in tandem, and have considerable …

Purpose Low back pain (LBP) is the most disabling condition worldwide. Although LBP
relates to different spinal pathologies, vertebral bone marrow lesions visualized as Modic …

The intervertebral disc is an important mechanical structure that allows range of motion of
the spinal column. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc, incited by aging, traumatic insult …

Closely associated with aging and age-related disorders, cellular senescence (CS) is the
inability of cells to proliferate due to accumulated unrepaired cellular damage and …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain, which
seriously reduces the quality of life of patients and places a heavy economic burden on their …

Recent studies have brought to light the necessity to discern sex-specific differences in
various pain states and different cell-types that mediate these differences. These studies …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that initiate signaling
in innate and adaptive immune pathways. The highly conserved family of transmembrane …

Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is the most common diagnosis in patients with low
back pain, a main cause of musculoskeletal disability in the world. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) β is …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a
progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with …