Rodent models of brain disorders including neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and
neurodegenerative diseases are essential for increasing our understanding of underlying …

Human interaction and physical environmental factors are part of the stimuli presented to
laboratory animals everyday, influencing their behaviour and physiology and contributing to …

Animals housed in artificial habitats are confronted by a wide range of potentially
provocative environmental challenges. In this article, we review many of the potential …

Rats have long been recognized as a valuable biomedical research model, notably in the
investigation of aging, toxicology, addiction, and common human diseases such as diabetes …

Understanding a species' behaviour in natural conditions can give insights into its
development, responses and welfare in captivity. Here, we review research and pest control …

Building upon the success of the Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science and completing
Volumes I and II of the Second Edition, Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second …

Behavioural research requires the use of sampling methods to document the occurrence of
responses observed. Sampling/recording methods include ad libitum, continuous, pinpoint …

In drug discovery and development, traditional assessment of human patients and
preclinical subjects occurs at limited time points in potentially stressful surroundings (ie, the …

The laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, is within the order Rodentia and family Muridae. The
genus Rattus contains more than 130 species; however, the Norway rat, R. norvegicus, and …

Background Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually
examined in test apparatuses outside of their home cages at selected time points. However …