It has been suggested that effective defense against biotrophic pathogens is largely due to
programmed cell death in the host, and to associated activation of defense responses …

Many disease resistance (R) proteins of plants detect the presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, or fungi by recognizing specific pathogen effector molecules that are …

Disruption of susceptibility (S) genes in crops is an attractive breeding strategy for conferring
disease resistance,. However, S genes are implicated in many essential biological functions …

Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only grow on living hosts and
cause damage in thousands of plant species. Despite their agronomical importance, little …

The tobacco N gene confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and encodes a Toll‐
interleukin‐1 receptor/nucleotide binding site/leucine‐rich repeat (TIR‐NBS‐LRR) class …

The apoplast has crucial functions in plant biology. It comprises all the compartments
beyond the plasmalemma, including the cell wall. As the reservoir of information on the …

Recent studies on plant immunity have suggested that a pathogen should suppress induced
plant defense in order to infect a plant species, which otherwise would have been a nonhost …

The role and essentiality of silicon (Si) in plant biology have been debated for> 150 years
despite numerous reports describing its beneficial properties. To obtain unique insights …

The plant genes required for the growth and reproduction of plant pathogens are largely
unknown. In an effort to identify these genes, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants that do not …

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-trigged immunity (PTI) is the first defensive
line of plant innate immunity and is mediated by pattern recognition receptors. Here, we …