Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CLP) are common birth defects of complex aetiology. CLP can
occur in isolation or as part of a broad range of chromosomal, Mendelian or teratogenic …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the
United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital …

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects and can occur as isolated, nonsyndromic events or
as part of Mendelian syndromes. There is substantial phenotypic diversity in individuals with …

BACKGROUND There is uncertainty over whether maternal smoking is associated with birth
defects. We conducted the first ever comprehensive systematic review to establish which …

Orofacial clefts include cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP), which
combined represent the largest group of craniofacial malformations in humans with an …

Orofacial clefts comprise a range of congenital deformities and are the most common head
and neck congenital malformation. Clefting has significant psychological and socio …

With an average worldwide prevalence of approximately 1.2/1000 live births, orofacial clefts
are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Like other complex disorders …

Introduction The shape of the face is one of the most distinctive features among humans,
and differences in facial morphology have substantial implications in areas such as social …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs)—primarily cleft lip and cleft palate—are among the most common
birth defects in all populations worldwide, and have notable population, ethnicity, and …

Defects in patterning during human embryonic development frequently result in craniofacial
abnormalities. The gene regulatory programs that build the craniofacial complex are likely …