The hippocampus is famous for mapping locations in spatially organized environments, and
several recent studies have shown that hippocampal networks also map moments in …

Timing is critical to most forms of learning, behavior, and sensory-motor processing.
Converging evidence supports the notion that, precisely because of its importance across a …

The brain is the perfect place to look for inspiration to develop more efficient neural
networks. The inner workings of our synapses and neurons provide a glimpse at what the …

Significant evidence supports the view that dopamine shapes learning by encoding reward
prediction errors. However, it is unknown whether striatal targets receive tailored dopamine …

The hippocampus plays a critical role in goal-directed navigation. Across different
environments, however, hippocampal maps are randomized, making it unclear how goal …

Musicians can perform at different tempos, speakers can control the cadence of their
speech, and children can flexibly vary their temporal expectations of events. To understand …

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) shares reciprocal connectivity with the prefrontal cortex
(PFC), and decreased MD–PFC connectivity is observed in schizophrenia patients. Patients …

Recent years have seen a growing interest in inhibitory interneurons and their circuits. A
striking property of cortical inhibition is how tightly it balances excitation. Inhibitory currents …

A sequence of images, sounds, or words can be stored at several levels of detail, from
specific items and their timing to abstract structure. We propose a taxonomy of five distinct …

Midbrain dopamine signals are widely thought to report reward prediction errors that drive
learning in the basal ganglia. However, dopamine has also been implicated in various …