The anadromous salmonid life cycle includes both fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW)
stages. The parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) pre-adapt the fish to SW while still in …

Ingestion has been proposed as a prominent exposure route for plastic debris in aquatic
organisms, including fish. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are …

Background Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an aquatic member of the
Birnaviridae family that causes widespread disease in salmonids. IPNV is represented by …

Background Fish farmed under high intensity aquaculture conditions are subjected to
unnatural environments that may cause stress. Therefore awareness of how to maintain …

Reliable data on metabolic rates and CO 2 removal efficiency are essential for fish welfare in
intensive production and RAS design. This descriptive study at a commercial post-smolt …

The stocking density of fish in aquaculture is of major importance as it may have profound
effects on water quality resulting in impact on fish health and possibly affect the external …

To quantify bioenergetic consequences of chronically or acutely elevated plasma cortisol
levels, growth rates, feed conversion ratios and digestive performance was investigated in …

For a rapidly developing aquaculture industry where availability of raw materials for diet
formulation are quickly changing it is fundamental to define what the dietary needs and …

Investigating the mechanisms that fish employ to maintain homeostasis in their everyday life
requires measurements of physiological and behavioural responses in the field. With …

Background Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a disease associated with severe
myocarditis primarily in adult farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), caused by a double …