Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and
endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large …

PrimPol is a DNA damage tolerance enzyme possessing both translesion synthesis (TLS)
and primase activities. To uncover its potential role in TLS-mediated IgVλ hypermutation and …

N-Nitrosamines are drinking water disinfection byproducts that pose a high carcinogenic
risk. We hypothesized that raw water treatment processes influence the types and …

Chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs, such as cytarabine (Ara-C), are incorporated into
genomic DNA during replication. Incorporated Ara-CMP (Ara-cytidine monophosphate) …

This study investigated the potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of N-
nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a hazardous compound found in ranitidine formulations that …

Prolonged replication arrest on damaged templates is a cause of fork collapse, potentially
resulting in genome instability. Arrested replication is rescued by translesion DNA synthesis …

Azo dyes, including Sudan I, Orange II and Orange G, are industrial dyes that are assumed
to have genotoxic potential. However, neither the type of DNA damage induced nor the …

Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are the most frequent type of lesion, and replication across
such lesions leads to double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs that arise during replication are …

A number of chemicals in the environment pose a threat to human health. Recent studies
indicate estradiol induces DNA damage through the activation of the estrogen receptor …

In vitro liver toxicity tests performed using cell lines cultured as two‐dimensional (2D)
monolayer have limited CYP450 activity and may be inadequate for screening chemicals …