The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact
on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably …

This article reviews the history of gyrodactylid research focussing on the unique anatomy,
behaviour, ecology and evolution of the viviparous forms while identifying gaps in our …

The Mediterranean peninsulas contain much genetic and species diversity, which
decreases toward higher latitudes in Europe. In considering how such diversity evolved …

Refugia were critically important for species survival in both glacial and interglacial stages of
the Quaternary. The classical view of glacial stages is that alpine and arctic plants were …

Given their dormancy capability (long-term resistant stages) and their ability to colonise and
reproduce, microscopic aquatic animals have been suggested having cosmopolitan …

This chapter discusses the biochemical (use of isoenzymes and antibodies) and DNA-based
(restriction fragment length polymorphisms, satellite DNA probes and polymerase chain …

In Europe, southern peninsulas served as refugia during cold periods in the Pleistocene,
acting both as centres of origin of endemisms and as sources from which formerly glaciated …

Monophyly of all 11 valid Eimeria species from rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus,
1758) was revealed based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequence data. This finding implies that …

Pinpointing processes that structure the geographical distribution of genetic diversity of
marine species and lead to speciation is challenging because of the lack of obvious …

Parasitic nematodes are highly diverse and common, infecting virtually all animal species,
and the importance of their roles in natural ecosystems is increasingly becoming apparent …