We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

Heterochrony can be defined as change to the timing or rate of development relative to the
ancestor. Because organisms generally change in shape as well as increase in size during …

Insects display a staggering diversity of mating and social behaviours. Studying these
systems provides insights into a wide range of evolutionary and behavioural questions, such …

Centrioles are subcellular organelles that were present in the last eukaryotic common
ancestor, where the centriole's ancestral role was to form cilia. Centrioles have maintained a …

Understanding the role of the developmental pathways in shaping phenotypic diversity
allows appreciating in full the processes influencing and constraining morphological …

Secondary sexual traits increase male fitness, but may be maladaptive in females,
generating intralocus sexual conflict that is ameliorated through sexual dimorphism. Sexual …

Alternative reproductive tactics in animals are commonly associated with distinct male
phenotypes resulting in polymorphism of sexually selected weapons such as horns and …

Animal contests involve threatening displays and physical coercion, which are respectively
performed by threat devices used in mutual evaluation of size or strength, and weapons …

Fitness-related traits, such as immunity and reproduction, are typically condition dependent,
and are predicted to trade off against each other because they share a pool of energy and …

The evolution of morphological diversity via selection requires that morphological traits
display significant heritable genetic variation. In Plethodon salamanders, considerable …