In recent years, chronic overnutrition, such as consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), has
been increasingly viewed as a significant modifiable risk factor for diseases such as …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting
in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease …

The prevalence of diabetes has dramatically increased worldwide due to the vast increase
in the obesity rate. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of type 1 and type …

In this fast-food era, people depend on ready-made foods and engage in minimal physical
activities that ultimately change their food habits. Majorities of such foods have harmful …

In the past decades, obesity and associated metabolic complications have reached
epidemic proportions. For the study of these pathologies, a number of animal models have …

Tempol is a redox-cycling nitroxide that promotes the metabolism of many reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and improves nitric oxide bioavailability. It has been studied extensively in …

The Western-style diet is characterized by its highly processed and refined foods and high
contents of sugars, salt, and fat and protein from red meat. It has been recognized as the …

Oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic factor underlying the
microvascular complications of metabolic disease. NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that becomes elevated in chronic
inflammatory states such as hypertension and diabetes and has been found to mediate both …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements and underlying
factors that significantly increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular …