Presently, the use of fossil fuels is not ecologically sustainable, which results in the need for
new alternative energies such as biodiesel. This work presents a review of the classification …

Conventional homogeneous catalysts are non-biodegradable, requiring complicated
downstream separation, further diminishing the overall economics. In this paper, a new …

Biodiesel production has been limited by slow kinetics of acid catalyzed esterification,
downstream product separation before transesterification and expensive feedstock. Bi …

As an alternative to fossil fuels, biodiesel can be a source of clean and environmentally
friendly energy source. However, its commercial application is limited by expensive …

Venturi tubes have been widely used to produce microbubbles due to their simple and
flexible design. However, the design of a Venturi-type microbubble generator remains a …

Presently, the use of fossil fuels is not ecologically sustainable, which results in the need for
new alternative energies such as biodiesel. This work presents a review of the classification …

The use of bifunctional catalysts is being evaluated by the scientific community. Thus, this
work also explores the advances in the study of bifunctional catalysts, which are capable of …