A curve on a surface is a geodesic curve if its principal normal vector is anywhere aligned with the surface normal. Using the Serret–Frenet frame, a timelike surface couple (TLSC) …
AA Almoneef, RA Abdel-Baky - Symmetry, 2024 - mdpi.com
A timelike (TL) constant axis ruled surface in E 1 3 (Minkowski 3-space), as determined by its ruling, forms a constant dual angle with its Disteli-axis (striction axis or curvature axis). In this …