The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

The gut microbiota contributes to host physiology through the production of a myriad of
metabolites. These metabolites exert their effects within the host as signalling molecules and …

Neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating neural circuit dynamics both in the
central nervous system as well as at the peripheral, including the gastrointestinal tract …

Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the
gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that
affects between 5 and 10% of the general population worldwide. The current symptom …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has
emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the …

The gastrointestinal tract is the only internal organ to have evolved with its own independent
nervous system, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). This Review provides an …

Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating
brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut …