In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal
hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous …

Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides
crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological of hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota …

Lyme disease Borrelia are obligately parasitic, tick-transmitted, invasive, persistent bacterial
pathogens that cause disease in humans and non-reservoir vertebrates primarily through …

Central nervous system (CNS) infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and
mortality. Microbial invasion and traversal of the blood–brain barrier is a prerequisite for …

This review describes the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of acute Lyme
neuroborreliosis (LNB), from invasion to inflammation of the central nervous system. Borrelia …

Situated between the circulation and the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the
brain from circulating toxins while securing a specialized environment for neuro-glial …

Gut microbiota, also known as the “second brain” in humans because of the regulatory role it
has on the central nervous system via neuronal, chemical and immune pathways. It has …

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic, multistage,
inflammatory infection resulting in patients experiencing cardiac, neurological, and arthritic …

In order for invasive pathogens to migrate beyond the site of infection, host physiological
barriers such as the extracellular matrix, the basement membrane, and encapsulating fibrin …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from potentially
harmful xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Anatomically, it comprises the brain …