This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental
Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Abstract In February 2023, Antarctic sea ice set a record minimum; there have now been
three record-breaking low sea ice summers in seven years. Following the summer minimum …

In this horizon scan, we highlight 15 emerging issues of potential relevance to global
conservation in 2020. Seven relate to potentially extensive changes in vegetation or …

This assessment provides a comprehensive update of the effects of changes in stratospheric
ozone and other factors (aerosols, surface reflectivity, solar activity, and climate) on the …

Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing
combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing …

A variety of hypotheses, involving sub-ice-shelf melting, stratospheric ozone depletion and
tropical teleconnections, have been proposed to explain the observed Antarctic sea-ice …

Southern Ocean surface cooling and Antarctic sea ice expansion from 1979 through 2015
have been linked both to changing atmospheric circulation and melting of Antarctica's …

The Antarctic sea ice area expanded significantly during 1979–2015. This is at odds with
state-of-the-art climate models, which typically simulate a receding Antarctic sea ice cover in …

Abstract The Southern Hemisphere cryosphere has recently shown regionally-contrasted
responses to climate change, in particular to the positive phases of the Southern Annular …