Exposure to humidifier disinfectants was identified in 2011 as the potential cause of an
outbreak of lung disease in Korea. It is estimated that over 8 million people have been …

Dosimetry modeling and point of departure (POD) estimation using in vitro data are essential
for mechanism-based hazard identification and risk assessment. This study aimed to …

Rationale: Humidifier disinfectant lung injury is an acute lung disease attributed to recurrent
inhalation of certain disinfectant aerosols emitted from room humidifiers. An outbreak of this …

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a humidifier disinfectant, is known to
cause lung toxicity, including inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to …

Relatively high concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) have been observed around
airports, in which aviation and road traffic emissions are the major sources. This raises …

Background The establishment of reliable and robust in vitro models for hazard assessment,
a prerequisite for moving away from animal testing, requires the evaluation of model …

Environmental chemicals inhalation exposure could induce pulmonary fibrosis, which is
characterized by the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular …

Biofouling of polyamide membranes is one of the main barriers faced by reverse osmosis
(RO) technologies to supply fresh water. Currently, biofouling is addressed by feed water …

Abstracts Objective: The major active ingredient of humidifier disinfectant,
polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMG-P), caused hundreds of deaths with …

Quaternary ammonium compounds (eg, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetylpyridinium
chloride (CPC)) constitute a group of cationic surfactants are widely used for personal …