The goal of the biotransformation process is to develop structural changes and generate
new chemical compounds, which can occur naturally in mammalian and microbial …

The still increasing number of drugs of abuse, particularly the so-called new psychoactive
substances (NPS), poses an analytical challenge for clinical and forensic toxicologists but …

Purpose A tert-leucinate derivative synthetic cannabinoid, methyl (2 S)-2-([1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1
H-indazole-3-carbonyl] amino)-3, 3-dimethylbutanoate (4F-MDMB-BINACA, 4F-MDMB …

The diffusion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is highly dynamic and the available
substances change over time, resulting in forensic laboratories becoming highly engaged in …

To explore the potential metabolites from rabeprazole sulfide, seven strains of filamentous
fungi were screened for their biotransformation abilities. Among these strains …

Tryptamines represent a group of hallucinogenic new psychoactive substances with
increasing prevalence. Unfortunately, only limited data concerning their toxicology and …

Microorganisms are widespread on the planet being able to adapt, persist, and grow in
diverse environments, either rich in nutrient sources or under harsh conditions. The …

The synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (FCF), while seemingly presenting relatively low
toxicity for mammalian organisms, has been the subject of renewed scrutiny in the past few …

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify in vivo phase I metabolites of five psychoactive
substances: N-ethylpentylone, ethylone, methylone, α-PVP and 4-CDC, using the in house …

Substances of abuse have the potential to cause addiction, habituation or altered
consciousness. Most of the research on these substances focuses on addiction, and is …