The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic consortium of microorganisms that are intricately
connected with human physiology. The liver is a central immunological organ that is …

The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and
hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy …

Abbreviations: AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; AIH,
autoimmune hepatitis; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ASIR, age standardized incidence rate; …

The progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD), irrespective of etiology, involves chronic
parenchymal injury, persistent activation of inflammatory response as well as sustained …

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver
and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal …

Gut dysbiosis is commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis and chronic gastrointestinal
disorders; however, its effect on antitumor immunity in the liver is largely unknown. Here we …

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an
endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory
disease, is comprised of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). IBD is closely …

Fibrosis is the extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue, and it is characterized by
the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Fibrosis is …

The human body is inhabited by a diverse microbial community that is collectively coined as
commensal microbiota. Recent research has greatly advanced our understanding of how …