Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Presynaptic kainate (KA) receptors (KARs) modulate GABA and glutamate release in the
central nervous system of mammals. While some of the actions of KARs are ionotropic …

Evidence for striatal A2A‐D2 heterodimers has led to a new perspective on molecular
mechanisms involved in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Despite the increasing …

The ability of oxytocin (OT) to interact with the dopaminergic system through facilitatory D2-
OT receptor (OTR) receptor-receptor interaction in the limbic system is increasingly …

Hyperammonemia is a main contributor to cognitive impairment and motor in-coordination in
patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Hyperammonemia-induced neuroinflammation …

Background: In the brain, polyamines are mainly synthesized in neurons, but preferentially
accumulated in astrocytes, and are proposed to be involved in neurodegenerative …

The natural hormone uroguanylin regulates intestinal fluid homeostasis and bowel function
through activation of guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C), resulting in increased intracellular cyclic …

Background: Roles of astrocytes in the modulatory effects of oxytocin (OT) in central nervous
system are increasingly considered. Nevertheless, OT effects on gliotransmitter release …

Increasing evidence indicates that photobiomodulation, based on tissue irradiation with
photons in the red to near-infrared spectrum, may be an effective therapeutic approach to …

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful
tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols …