The striatum is critical for reward-guided and habitual behavior. Anatomical and interference
studies suggest a functional heterogeneity within striatum. Medial regions, such as nucleus …

Many brain areas are activated by the possibility and receipt of reward. Are all of these brain
areas reporting the same information about reward? Or are these signals related to other …

In delay discounting, individuals discount the value of a reward based on the delay to its
receipt. The prelimbic cortex (PrL) is heavily interconnected with several brain regions …

The majority of the research studying punishment has focused on an aversive stimulus
delivered immediately after an action. However, in real-world decision-making, negative …

Impulsive choice, often characterized by excessive preference for small, short-term rewards
over larger, long-term rewards, is a prominent feature of substance use and other …

A prior study demonstrated increased overall response rates on a fixed interval (FI) schedule
of reward in female offspring that had been subjected to maternal lead (Pb) exposure …

The insula contributes to behavioral control and is disrupted by substance abuse, yet we
know little about the neural signals underlying these functions or how they are disrupted …

The ability to properly adjust behavioral responses to cues in a changing environment is
crucial for survival. Activity in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) is thought to both …

Background Impaired decision making, a hallmark of addiction, is hypothesized to arise from
maladaptive plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. The endocannabinoid system …

Anatomical, imaging, and lesion work have suggested that medial and lateral aspects of
orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play different roles in reward-guided decision-making, yet few …