A considerable number of human diseases have an inflammatory component, and a key
mediator of immune activation and inflammation is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) …

It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a
variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite
intense investigations, no effective therapy is available to stop its onset or halt its …

Increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) represents astroglial activation
and gliosis during neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanism behind …

Microglial activation is an important pathological component in brains of patients with
Alzheimer's disease (AD), and fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play an important role in …

In recent years, vast amounts of data on the mechanisms of neural de-and regeneration
have accumulated. However, only in disproportionally few cases has this led to efficient …

Elevated levels of NO produced within the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with
the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative human diseases such as …

The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has not eliminated HIV-1
infection of the central nervous system (CNS) or the occurrence of HIV-associated …

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is widely known to be involved in physiological and
pathophysiological processes of the brain where this proinflammatory cytokine is implicated …

MAPK-p38 plays an important role in inflammation. Several studies have shown that
blocking p38 activity attenuates the transcriptional activity of the proinflammatory …