Sex differences in the biology of different organ systems and the influence of sex hormones
in modulating health and disease are increasingly relevant in clinical and research areas …

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and
severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology …

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the effects of male sex steroids. There are major sex
differences in lung development and pathologies, including lung cancer. In this report, we …

Numerous animal studies have revealed significant effects of sex and sex hormones on
normal lung development, lung physiology, and various lung diseases. The primary goal of …

Sex hormones are increasingly recognized as regulators of lung development. Respiratory
distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of morbidity in preterm neonates and occurs …

Many epidemiological studies suggest that women are at increased risk of developing adult-
onset asthma and also suffer from more severe disease than men. These gender differences …

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic lung disease. We have previously
shown in an in vivo mouse model that maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with …

For the past century, researchers have underscored the “disadvantage” observed in
respiratory morbidity and mortality of male newborns. In this contemporary review, we …

Background Disruption of fundamental biologic processes and associated signaling events
may result in clinically significant alterations in lung development. Objectives We reviewed …

Within this review, sex-specific differences in alveolar epithelial functions are discussed with
special focus on preterm infants and the respiratory disorders associated with premature …