Microclimates at the land–air interface affect the physiological functioning of organisms
which, in turn, influences the structure, composition, and functioning of ecosystems. We …

Forest canopies are dynamic interfaces between organisms and atmosphere, providing
buffered microclimates and complex microhabitats. Canopies form vertically stratified …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Spatial partitioning in ecological communities has predominantly been described in two
dimensions, yet habitat is complex and 3D. Complex space use mediates community …

Species distributions in terrestrial ecosystems are three‐dimensional, spanning both the
horizontal landscape and the vertical space provided by the physical environment. Classical …

Aims We aim to document elevational richness patterns of geometrid moths in a globally
replicated, multi‐gradient setting, and to test general hypotheses on environmental and …

Climatic gradients such as latitude and elevation are considered primary drivers of global
biogeography. Yet, alongside these macro‐gradients, the vertical space and structure …

Tropical forests harbour the highest levels of terrestrial biodiversity and represent some of
the most complex ecosystems on Earth, with a significant portion of this diversity above …

Night, dawn, and dusk have abiotic features that differ from the day. Illumination, wind
speeds, turbulence, and temperatures are lower while humidity may be higher at night …

An extension of the climate variability hypothesis is that relatively stable climate, such as that
of the tropics, induces distinct thermal bands across elevation that render dispersal over …