T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Autoreactive B cells and interferons are central players in systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) pathogenesis. The partial success of drugs targeting these pathways, however …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-
19 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B …

As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs)
sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T
cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules …

The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the
knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support …

The germinal center (GC) is a specialized microstructure that forms in secondary lymphoid
tissues, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells, which …

Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells highly express the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecule.
Whereas inhibition of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and CD28 co-stimulation is thought to …

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are specialized providers of T cell help to B cells, and are
essential for germinal center formation, affinity maturation, and the development of most high …