Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-
19 pandemic that has infected over a hundred million people globally. There have been …

Viral egress and transmission have long been described to take place through single free
virus particles. However, viruses can also shed into the environment and transmit as …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all cell types and are intimately involved in
tissue homeostasis. They are being explored as vaccine and gene therapy platforms, as well …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles involved in intercellular
communication, delivery of biomolecules from donor to recipient cells, cellular disposal and …

Autophagy serves as a defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens, but several
microorganisms exploit it for their own benefit. Accordingly, certain herpesviruses include …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based cell-free strategy has shown therapeutic potential in
tissue regeneration. Due to their important roles in intercellular communications and their …

Cellular nanovesicles which are referred to as cell-derived, nanosized lipid bilayer
structures, have emerged as a promising platform for regulating immune responses. Owing …

As the important molecular machinery for membrane protein sorting in eukaryotic cells, the
endosomal sorting and transport complexes (ESCRT-0/I/II/III and VPS4) usually participate …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are
released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. EVs are involved in many …

Purinergic signalling is a receptor-mediated process characterized by the binding of
extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides to purinergic receptors, which results in the …