Supergenes are genomic regions containing sets of tightly linked loci that control multi-trait
phenotypic polymorphisms under balancing selection. Recent advances in genomics have …

Sex chromosomes are widespread in species with separate sexes. They have evolved many
times independently and display a truly remarkable diversity. New sequencing technologies …

In vertebrates, mainly single genes with an allele ratio of 1: 1 trigger sex-determination (SD),
leading to initial equal sex-ratios. Such genes are designated master-key regulators (MKRs) …

Sex chromosome dosage compensation is a model to understand the coordinated evolution
of transcription; however, the advanced age of the sex chromosomes in model systems …

The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike
the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural …

The degree of divergence between the sex chromosomes is not always proportional to their
age. In poeciliids, four closely related species all exhibit a male heterogametic sex …

Studies of convergence in wild populations have been instrumental in understanding
adaptation by providing strong evidence for natural selection. At the genetic level, we are …

Background Viviparity—live birth—is a complex and innovative mode of reproduction that
has evolved repeatedly across the vertebrate Tree of Life. Viviparous species exhibit …

The nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) has been increasingly used as a model
system in studies of local adaptation and sex chromosome evolution but its current reference …

The recent increase in available molecular and genomic data for diverse taxa helps to shed
new light on long-standing theories. Research into sex chromosome evolution has …