This review summarizes the latest findings in the literature of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2),
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie-2) complex, and faricimab along with their involvement …

Five vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) ligands (VEGF-A,-B,–C,-D, and
placental growth factor [PlGF]) constitute the VEGF family. VEGF-A binds VEGF receptors 1 …

Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment has drastically
improved the visual and anatomical outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema …

Purpose To assess and compare early changes in neuroinflammatory and vascular
parameters in diabetic macular edema (DME) with subfoveal neuroretinal detachment …

This work aims to summarize predictive biomarkers to guide treatment choice in DME.
Intravitreal anti-VEGF is considered the gold standard treatment for centers involving DME …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and has been
historically regarded as a microangiopathic disease. Now, the paradigm is shifting toward a …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the key regulators behind the inflammatory and
pathological process associated with ophthalmic diseases. The role of IL-6-174 G/C …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is reaching epidemic levels globally due to the increase in
prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR also has detrimental effects to quality of life, as it is …

AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept with dexamethasone
implant in the treatment of macular edema (ME) associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or …

Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is considered a chronic inflammatory disease associated
with aberrations in many intraocular cytokines. Studies assessing the role of these cytokines …