In 2011, the European Commission introduced a limit for nonvolatile particle number (PN)
emissions> 23 nm from light-duty (LD) vehicles and the stated intent is to implement similar …

Vehicle emissions are a significant source of air pollution in cities. Particulate matter (PM) is
a pollutant with adverse health effects. Regulations worldwide determine the PM exhaust …

Abstract In the European Union's emissions regulations, limits for solid particles> 23 nm are
applicable for the type-approval and in use compliance of vehicles. Consequently, particle …

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly
introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty …

We characterized the properties of combustion aerosol produced at different operating
conditions of a mini-CAST burner that was treated in a Catalytic Stripper (CS) operating at …

Heavy-duty engines are type approved on engine dynamometers. However, the in-service
conformity or in-use compliance is conducted on the road over driving patterns, conditions …

The European Commission (EC) is in the process of finalizing the proposal for the upcoming
legislative stage for light-and heavy-duty vehicles. The emission performance over extended …

The miniature inverted soot generator is a novel soot particle generator, capable of
producing black carbon (BC) particles with a wide range of properties. The main advantages …

In 2011, the Euro 5b light-duty vehicle legislation introduced particle number (PN) limits for
vehicle homologation. To measure PN concentrations, specific condensation particle …

Vehicle emission regulations in Europe and many Asian countries include a particle number
limit. The number concentration is measured, typically, with condensation particle counters …