Vascular calcification contributes to the high risk of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) patients. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) metabolism is …

Mineral bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
characterized by disruption of normal mineral homeostasis within the body. One or more of …

Extracellular phosphate regulates its own renal excretion by eliciting concentration-
dependent secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the phosphate-sensing …

Vascular calcification is a common finding in atherosclerosis and a serious problem in
diabetic and uremic patients. Because of the correlation of hyperphosphatemia and vascular …

Masafumi Fukagawa, 1 Keitaro Yokoyama, 1 Fumihiko Koiwa, 1 Masatomo Taniguchi, 1
Tetsuo Shoji, 1 Junichiro James Kazama, 1 Hirotaka Komaba, 1 Ryoichi Ando, 1 Takatoshi …

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an abundant element in the body and is essential for a wide
variety of key biological processes. It plays an essential role in cellular energy metabolism …

In the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), alterations in the bone-vascular axis
augment the risk of bone loss, fractures, vascular and soft tissue calcification, left ventricular …

Metabolic bone disease is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is
part of a broad spectrum of disorders of mineral metabolism that occur in this clinical setting …

The uremic syndrome is a complex mixture of organ dysfunctions, which is attributed to the
retention of a myriad of compounds that under normal condition are excreted by the healthy …

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complex pathology that develops as chronic kidney
disease progresses. The retention of phosphorus and the reductions in calcium and vitamin …