Due to the increasing number of underground metro stations worldwide and the great
energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in …

Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is
becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the …

A trade-off problem exists in ventilation systems to ensure acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ)
with minimized energy use. It is often solved by the centralized optimization approach today …

Due to the rapidly increasing ridership and the relatively enclosed underground space, the
indoor air quality (IAQ) in underground subway stations (USSs) has attracted more public …

Excessive exposure to hazardous air pollutants remains the leading cause of serious cardio-
respiratory disease among commuters. To monitor and improve the air quality in time, soft …

Indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements play an important role in the subway ventilation
system control, influencing over crucial factors as ventilation energy consumption and …

Railway systems are time-varying and complex systems with nonlinear behaviors that
require effective optimization techniques to achieve optimal performance. Evolutionary …

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5) has become a major
public concern in closed indoor environments, such as subway stations. Forecasting …

With the increase in Beijing's metro mileage and passenger numbers, it is becoming
especially necessary to investigate the indoor environment and passenger comfort of metro …

Subway systems are extensively used due to their safety and convenience. Scientific and
reasonable air distribution is necessary for creating a comfortable environment on the …