2. Description of the Background Art Multi-port, multi-Wavelength cross-connect optical
sWitches With characteristics of large cross-talk rejection and? at passband response have …

A micrometer sized multi-directional thermal actuator capable of repeatable and rapid
displacement in a substantially horizontal direction, a substantially vertical direction, and/or …

BACKGROUND AS the internet has grown, So too has the Strain on the telecommunications
infrastructure. AS more and more infor mation is transmitted acroSS the Internet, and the …

(57) ABSTRACT A freely rotatable microelectromechanical mirror and mirror array. Each
mirror is connected to a plate flexibly Suspended from a plurality of actuators by a plurality of …

An optical cross-connect switch comprises a base (216), a flap (211) and one or more
electrically conductive landing pads (222) connected to the flap (211). The flap (211) has a …

4,423,401 A 12/1983 Mueller 4,679,908 A 7/1987 Goodwin 4,688,885 A 8/1987 Poteat et al.
5,024,500 A 6/1991 Stanley et al. 5,182,910 A 2/1993 Beneck 5,206,557 A 4/1993 Bobbio …

The approaches Suggested for optical Switches can be broadly classified into two
categories: the guided wave approach, and the free-space approach. The guided-wave …

5,287,082 A 2/1994 Arney et al. H &&Y--ornbeck, LJ “Digital Light Processing for high-bright
5,316,979 A 5/1994 MacDonald et al.--4----5.393. 375 A 2/1995 MacDonald et al. ness, high …

A cross-connect switch for fiber-optic communication networks employing a wavelength
dispersive element, such as a grating, and a stack of regular (non-wavelength selective) …

4,825,262 A 4/1989 Mallinson................... 356/352 4859, 017 A 8/1989 Brierley et al....
350/96.15 5,500,761 A 3/1996 Goossen et al...... 359/290 5,524,012 A 6/1996 Wang et …