Spatial data is one of the core components in all information retrieval processes for decision-
making. Spatial data acquisition consumes enormous monetary resources and time. The …

The growth of Pakistan's agriculture-based economy depends on elevating agriculture
production and raising the per-capita income of rural communities. This paper evaluates the …

The term “land mafia” refers to a group of people who profit from the land law system by
committing crimes such as fraud, forgery, and expropriation. This practice has been going on …

Pakistan's economy largely depends on agriculture, and land is the main prerequisite for
agriculture. Optimal use of land demands a responsible land management system, which …

A substantial portion of the water supply and sanitation (WatSan) infrastructure in the rural
areas of developing countries is currently not operating. This failure is due to the …

The construction industry is one of the sectors with the highest number of corruption cases.
Construction workers are subjected to a variety of corrupt practices in the course of their …

In this study, we develop a web-based DecisionMaking Tool (DMT) based on a four-year
research project in building the proper multiple criteria DecisionMaking Framework (DMF) …

Due to their aging, refinery facilities face the threat of suffering from incidents and accidents.
Even fatal injury may be caused if running without proper maintenance planning. The …

Infrastructure investment has been low in Brazil over the last decades, leaving significant
gaps in all infrastructure sectors. To close these gaps, public investment will need to …

In the development of infrastructure projects with the PPP scheme, the government needs a
way to assess the level of success and sustainability of related projects. This study will …