Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of
its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various …

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism …

The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class BG protein–coupled
receptor (GPCR) that mediates the action of GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from three …

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the two
primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine on ingestion of glucose or nutrients to …

The “second messenger” archetype cAMP is one of the most important cellular signalling
molecules with central functions including the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion …

Glucose-induced insulin secretion in response to a step increase in blood glucose
concentrations follows a biphasic time course consisting of a rapid and transient first phase …

This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

The major goal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is to control the hyperglycaemia
characteristic of the disease. However, treatment with common therapies such as insulin or …