T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a non-cytopathic, hepatotropic virus with the potential to cause a
persistent infection, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has limited efficacy against solid tumors, and
one major challenge is T cell exhaustion. To address this challenge, we performed a …

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections
and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss …

Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death 1: Programmed Cell Death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1: PD-
L1) pathway, a central regulator of T cell exhaustion, have been recently shown to be …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes chronic hepatitis and has long term complications.
Individuals ever infected with HBV are at risk of viral reactivation under certain …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the high-risk factors for human HCC.
Despite the integration of virus DNA and the oncoprotein HBx, chronic necroinflammation …

T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during many chronic infections
and cancer. It is defined by poor effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 300 million patients worldwide,, in whom
virus-specific CD8 T cells by still ill-defined mechanisms lose their function and cannot …

Although robust and highly effective anti-viral T cells contribute to the clearance of many
acute infections, viral persistence is associated with the development of functionally inferior …