Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a disorder of the kidney that is defined by the
presence of greater than 3 to 3.5 g per day of proteinuria, which results in hypoalbuminemia …

The role of proximal tubules, a major component of the renal tubular structure located at the
renal cortex, in healthy and diseased states has been examined extensively. Along with its …

There is a bidirectional pathophysiological interaction between the heart and the kidneys,
and prolonged physiological stress to the heart and/or the kidneys can cause adverse …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are currently available for the
management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLT2i acts by inhibiting renal SGLT2, thereby …

Drug repurposing in glomerular disease can deliver opportunities for steroid-free regimens,
enable personalized multi-target options for resistant or relapsing disease and enhance …

Cancer is the second leading cause of death among the adult population following
cardiovascular diseases. Prevention and earlier diagnosis are among the cornerstones in …

Background The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in the
development, progression or treatment of malignancies are not fully understood, but multiple …

The primary treatment for autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-T1DM) is
insulin therapy. Unfortunately, a multitude of clinical cases has demonstrated that the use of …

Many kidney diseases are associated with proteinuria. Since proteinuria is independently
associated with kidney function loss, anti-proteinuric medication, often in combination with …

There have been exciting advances in our knowledge of primary glomerular diseases and
nephrotic syndromes in recent years. Beyond the histological pattern from renal biopsy …