The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus
Clostridium and cause a persistent paralysis of peripheral nerve terminals, which is known …

Naturally occurring protein switches have been repurposed for the development of
biosensors and reporters for cellular and clinical applications. However, the number of such …

De novo protein design holds promise for creating small stable proteins with shapes
customized to bind therapeutic targets. We describe a massively parallel approach for …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are the most potent toxins
known and cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. BoNTs are also widely utilized as …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the causative agent of botulism, is acknowledged to be the
most poisonous protein known. BoNT proteases disable synaptic vesicle exocytosis by …

Mammalian hosts interface intimately with commensal and pathogenic bacteria. It is
increasingly clear that molecular interactions between the nervous system and microbes …

Abstract Noble metals including Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt were widely applied in various aspects of
human social life, industrial manufacture, healthcare, and scientific research. The ion form of …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly poisonous substances that are also effective
medicines. Accidental BoNT poisoning often occurs through ingestion of Clostridium …

Clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in
severe diseases in humans and other animals. Most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming …