The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last
decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature …

Immune tolerance hinders the potentially destructive responses of lymphocytes to host
tissues. Tolerance is regulated at the stage of immature B cell development (central …

Since the identification of B cells in 1965 (Cooper et al. 1965), three has been tremendous
progress in our understanding of B cell development, maturation and function. A number of …

Each antibody-producing B cell makes antibodies of unique specificity, reflecting a series of
ordered gene rearrangements which must be successfully performed if the cell is to survive …

FAS belongs to the subgroup of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) family that
contains an intracellular" death domain" and triggers apoptosis. Its physiological ligand …

B cell development is a highly regulated process whereby functional peripheral subsets are
produced from hematopoietic stem cells, in the fetal liver before birth and in the bone …

Gene targeting experiments have demonstrated that the expression of immunoglobulin
heavy chain in the pre-B cell receptor (pBCR) and of heavy and light chains in the B cell …

Abstract Complement receptor 2–negative (CR2/CD21−) B cells have been found enriched
in patients with autoimmune diseases and in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) …

The mammalian immune system has an extraordinary potential for making receptors that
sense and neutralize any chemical entity entering the body. Inevitably, some of these …

This paper synthesizes recent progress toward understanding the integrated control systems
and fail-safes that guide the quality and quantity of antibody produced by B cells. We focus …